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Harbaqa Dam
The Harbaqa Dam or Kharbaqa Dam ((アラビア語:سد خربقة)) was a Roman gravity dam in the Syrian desert about southwest from Palmyra on the road to Damascus. The dam, built of rubble, concrete, and dressed with ashlar stones, dates to the first or second century AD. The dam later was used as a water supply for the Umayyad palace of Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi.
==Overview==
The Roman dam was probably built over an earlier first/second-century AD Palmyrene dam. The dam was restored and used again by the Umayyads in the eighth century for irrigation purposes. It served as a major water supply for the nearby Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi, to which it was connected by a canal.〔 The dam collected the seasonal floods of Wadi al-Barada in a storage basin that could be used all year round.〔Butcher, 2003, p. 163.〕 The remains of the dam are well-preserved for lack of quarrying from nearby settlements.〔Gerster; Trümpler, 2007, p. 364.〕
The dam was built out of a concrete core faced on both air and water face with ashlar stones. The wall is around wide at the base, high and stretches for in length.〔 The dam wall had three outlets. Two outlets were located at the base that allow the torrential water to flow in winter. The third one, terracotta with a smaller diameter, crossed the dam in a steep slope and was located about from the top on the upstream side.〔Schlumberger, 1939, p. 201.〕 The former reservoir, now filled with silt, had a capacity of and measured up to in length and in width.〔
The dam was first surveyed in 1934 by Antoine Poidebard. A more detailed survey and excavation was conducted by a French archaeological team led by Daniel Schlumberger in 1938.〔Calvet; Geyer, 1992, p. 80.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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